Screwworm

written by

Joel Salatin

posted on

July 7, 2026

               

Screwworm-by-Joel-Salatin-July-2026.jpg


                 If you've been party to any news feeds over the past month, you're aware that the dreaded screwworm has re-entered the U.S. from Mexico.  The USDA is aflutter over this supposed catastrophe, closing all 12 points of entry to the U.S. from Mexico.

  As far as we know, screwworm was eradicated from the U.S. in the 1960s with a massive campaign of insecticides.  But like all things attacked by chemicals, the screwworm figured out a way to survive, re-migrate, and it's now the subject of massive government outlays.

                  Screwworm is the larval stage of a certain type of fly.  We all know about maggots.  The difference with the screwworm maggot from most others is that it will eat not only dead flesh, but also burrow in and consume live flesh.  That makes it especially harmful.

                  The current lines of defense orchestrated by the USDA is to close the U.S.-Mexico border to livestock transfers and then to invest billions of dollars in laboratories to release sterile flies.  The screwworm fly mates only once, so if the female mates with a sterile male, she never lays eggs.  How's that for an exciting reason to live? Ha!

                  In cases like this, what is the Polyface response?  We don't use chemicals and we wish USDA didn't even exist.  What is our answer to something seemingly as devastating as the screwworm?

                  It may not surprise you that our answer is the same as it is for avian influenza, African swine fever and generally all the maladies that excite pharmaceutical and chemical companies in the agri-industrial complex.  The answer is good management, nutrition, and sanitation.

                  The most vulnerable cattle are in feedlots.  I don't know if the three U.S. cases registered so far were in feedlots; the USDA keeps these kinds of statistics under close wraps.  Feedlots are notoriously filthy with built-up manure--the cows live in their toilet.  With so many animals crammed together, it's an ideal host environment for pathogens, who don't have to work very hard to find hospitable landing sites.  In addition, animals with wounds attract the flies for a point of entry; feedlots are notorious candidates for bumps and bruise due to tight fencing and close bullying.

                  The most critical foundation for livestock immunology is minerals.  Pre-European land management involved frequent fires, both natural and human-started.  These left ashes and charcoal in their wake, which released copious amounts of minerals to the landscape and attracted the native animal population.  Within hours of fire passing through, burned over areas re-populated with wildlife seeking minerals.  Bison licked charred trees to ingest enough minerals.

                  In today's farming and ranching protocol, with fire suppression a major objective and animals locked in certain areas, good management requires that we present animals with supplemental minerals.  At Polyface, we probably spend three times the money per animal on good minerals as surrounding conventional farmers.  That's how we can grow tens of thousands of animals without a vet bill.

                  The questions I would ask about these screwworm U.S. outbreaks are these:

1.  Was it in a feedlot?

2.  What kind of minerals are you feeding?

3.  Are you moving your animals daily to fresh pasture and therefore away from flies?

4.  Are you looking at your flocks and herds every day to observe problems?

5.  Are you propping up weak genetics with antibiotics and vaccines?

                  These questions will never be asked.

                  Unlike most conventional farmers and ranchers, here at Polyface we do not walk around in a paranoid fear-stupor every day worried about what malady may attack next.  That's the mentality of the great majority of American agriculture and certainly it defines the persona of the USDA.  

                  Instead, we walk in faith that nature's default position is wellness and if our animals are not well, it's not due to some nefarious wild conspiracy; it's because we failed in sanitation, genetics, management, nutrition, and comfort.

                  The number one determinant of robust health is stress.  That stress can come from being old, too hot or too cold, drinking poor water, living in filthy conditions, being afraid (especially of bullies in a tight space), and eating a poor diet.  To be sure, feedlot beef is not eating anywhere close to the diet an herbivore would naturally enjoy in the wild.  It's formulated with carbohydrates to pump them up and contains only a couple of feedstocks rather than the diversity enjoyed in a healthy perennial pasture.

                  I'm writing this blog to allay concerns among our patrons regarding these perpetual fear-inducing broadsides from the media and the USDA.  At Polyface, we are not immune to biological realities.  In 65 years, we've had about six significant disease outbreaks, but every single one was caused by us.  We violated one of those requirements listed above and nature told us about our mistake.

                  We do not believe health comes from a needle, a drug, a lab.  We believe nature's default position is wellness, and if something is out of kilter, it's our fault and we need to figure out the ultimate cause.  But a multi-billion dollar sterile fly release does not deal with why screwworms attacks this animal instead of that one.  In light of AI, data centers, and the seemingly endless capacity to amass information, the shallowness of the conventional mindset is truly profound.

                  In conventional parlance, to question feedlots is to desire starvation.  To question Tyson chicken houses elicits howls of "we can't feed the world."  To question hog factories like Smithfield is to embrace 1910's hog cholera from muddy, moon-scape pig pens.

                  The result of this mindset is the cure can only be offered within the boundaries of the question.  If you can't imagine a different paradigm, you can't ask a question about it.  As a result, our conventional food system remains mired and shackled to chemical band-aids instead of real solutions.  At Polyface, we look for primal causes, real solutions, and we're forever grateful that your patronage enables us to continue the quest.  Thank you.

More from the blog

Short of Turkeys and Beef

For the first time in many years, we’ll be short of turkeys for Thanksgiving.  Consistent with our policy of full transparency, here is why.  And we’ve been short of beef now for some time.  The underlying theme of this explanation is to inform you completely about why and what we’re doing about it. Unlike many businesses, we don’t call up other outfits to supplement ours when we’re short.  We figure out how to produce more and until then, simply run behind. Because of that, when we explore new markets, we can’t adjust our inventory instantaneously.We’ve had a couple of incredibly exciting market developments this year.  We’ve always tried to experiment with new opportunities when markets request product.  You never know which ones will be long term, short term, positive, or negative.  Over the years, we’ve given away turkeys when we overproduced due to assuming a certain market opportunity would come through; that’s not financially viable.  As a result, we’re pretty careful about expansion. Three years ago, a large corporation in Virginia asked us to supply turkeys and Christmas hams to their 300 employees.  We had no idea they would hang with us this long, but here they are, happy and showing unbelievable loyalty.  We’ve been reluctant to count on them simply because these kinds of things normally don’t last.  But isn’t it exciting and even exhilarating that a big company is buying our kind of turkeys and hams for their employees? The other thing that developed—and these things develop slowly—was Azure Standard asked us to supply them with 1,000 turkeys as a trial to see if their customer base would like them.  By the time that deal was formalized, we were too late to order more turkeys and did not have the full number for them, but we we did the best we could.  Some of you who are Azure Standard customers will no doubt see our turkeys pop up on their sales platform. When an engine going somewhere wants to hook to us, we always try to at least collaborate in an experiment.  That’s where we are; if all are happy, this could be an extremely positive strategic client for us in the future. In the same way, we’ve been contacted by a new internet marketing outfit wanting some of our beef.  We’ve agreed to let them have five in 2027.  We’re hoping ongoing discussions will lead them to carry our poultry and pork as well—right now they’re only beef. None of this is about building an empire.  It is about collaborating with the cutting edge of authentic food and circumventing Big Food, Big Ag, and Big Pharma.  Innovation comes in many ways.  Polyface perhaps leads the world in the production element.  But processing, marketing, and distribution are also undergoing innovation and staying relevant is a daily objective.  That some of the most creative significant players in the integrity food movement are asking us to play with them is wonderful.  They could just handle industrial organic meat poultry, which doesn’t see pasture and doesn’t enjoy the happiness context of Polyface livestock. But they’re talking to us, and that’s awesome. All innovation carries a ragged edge as it develops, refines, and hopefully becomes efficient over time.  Thank you for indulging us the freedom to explore these new venues and to collaborate with some of the best players in the good food movement.  As you can imagine, growing and experimenting create their own sore muscles.  Being short is not fun for either of us, but be assured it’s not because our animals are sick or we’re getting tired of being farmers. You can laugh at that. It’s because, true to our history, we are committed to putting food worth eating on plates held by friends.  We count you as friends; that’s why we’re taking you on this little explanation behind the curtain.  Hang in there and thank you, thank you for your loyalty and patronage.